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Assistant Professor in Periodontics - NCA - Kerala Medical Education question paper 2019

Date of test
03-10-2019
Question paper code
47/2019/OL
Questions
100
Answer key
Provisional Answer Key
Exam mode
Online (computer based)

Provisional key. Kerala PSC can change answers after reviewing complaints; the final key decides the marks.

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Source: Kerala PSC (keralapsc.gov.in) · official document· Last updated 25 Sept 2026· How we check content

Official PDFs

As published by the Kerala Public Service Commission.

All 100 questions with answers

Tap an option to check yourself, or open the answer. Answers follow the official Kerala PSC answer key.

  1. 1.
    The 'stress shielding' phenomenon is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    lack of load on implant
    Stress shielding occurs when an implant carries too much of the load, shielding the surrounding bone from physiological stress, leading to bone resorption.
    Report a mistake
  2. 2.
    Collagen fibres around an implant is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    parallel and unattached
    Unlike natural teeth where collagen fibers insert into the cementum, fibers around an implant run parallel to the surface and are not attached.
    Report a mistake
  3. 3.
    Reliable indicator for identifying implant stability is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    RFA
    Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) is considered a reliable, non-invasive method for measuring implant stability.
    Report a mistake
  4. 4.
    Minimum mesiodistal space required for a standard diameter implant is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    7mm
    A minimum of 7mm is generally recommended to allow for adequate bone between the implant and adjacent teeth.
    Report a mistake
  5. 5.
    According to Misch the posterior maxilla is of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    D3 and D4
    Misch classification identifies the posterior maxilla as typically having lower bone density, categorized as D3 and D4.
    Report a mistake
  6. 6.
    Class A recall patients should be maintained by
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    General dentist
    Class A recall patients are those with low risk, typically maintained by a general dentist.
    Report a mistake
  7. 7.
    Which of the following is considered as the gold standard of evidence
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    systematic reviews and meta analysis
    Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are at the top of the evidence-based medicine hierarchy.
    Report a mistake
  8. 8.
    Required factor VIII levels for treatment in hemophilia patients is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    25-50%
    For minor dental procedures in hemophilia patients, factor VIII levels should be maintained between 25-50%.
    Report a mistake
  9. 9.
    FAST sign for cardiovascular accident include all except
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    tongue
    FAST stands for Face, Arm, Speech, and Time; tongue is not part of the acronym.
    Report a mistake
  10. 10.
    PICO includes all except
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    organization
    PICO stands for Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.
    Report a mistake
  11. 11.
    Which of the following suture alleviates the wicking effect
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    plain gut
    Monofilament sutures like plain gut do not exhibit the wicking effect seen in multifilament or braided sutures.
    Report a mistake
  12. 12.
    What anatomic structure is the medial wall of maxillary sinus
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    lateral wall of nasal cavity
    The medial wall of the maxillary sinus forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
    Report a mistake
  13. 13.
    Periocol contains
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    chlorhexidine
    Periocol is a locally delivered periodontal gel that contains chlorhexidine.
    Report a mistake
  14. 14.
    Piggy back fulcrum is a type of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    intra oral finger rest
    A piggy-back fulcrum is an advanced variation of an intraoral finger rest.
    Report a mistake
  15. 15.
    Evalusite is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Chair side membrane immune assay
    Evalusite is a chairside membrane immunoassay used to detect specific periodontal pathogens.
    Report a mistake
  16. 16.
    Anatomic crown in relation to thick gingival biotype is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    square
    A thick gingival biotype is typically associated with a square-shaped anatomic crown.
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  17. 17.
    Chair side kit for BANA test is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    perioscan
    Perioscan is the commercial chairside kit used for performing the BANA enzyme test.
    Report a mistake
  18. 18.
    The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is achievement of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    new attachment
    The ultimate therapeutic goal in periodontics is true regeneration, which is the achievement of new attachment.
    Report a mistake
  19. 19.
    Father of oral hygiene
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Levi spear parmly
    Levi Spear Parmly is known as the father of oral hygiene for emphasizing the importance of floss and oral care.
    Report a mistake
  20. 20.
    Enamel Matrix protein is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Osteoconductive
    Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) acts in a manner compatible with osteoconduction/cementogenesis.
    Report a mistake
  21. 21.
    The Kirkland flap is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    undisplaced flap
    The Kirkland flap is a modified gingivectomy procedure performed with an undisplaced flap design.
    Report a mistake
  22. 22.
    Flap technique best suited for bone grafting purposes is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    papilla preservation flap
    The papilla preservation flap provides maximum coverage of the interdental graft site and is ideal for bone grafting.
    Report a mistake
  23. 23.
    Bioplant is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    xenograft
    Bioplant HTR is a synthetic alloplast or a bovine-derived xenograft depending on the specific product formulation; in standard classification contexts, it represents a xenograft/alloplast material.
    Report a mistake
  24. 24.
    Calcium phosphate ratio in hydroxyapatite is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    1.67
    The stoichiometric calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of pure hydroxyapatite is 1.67.
    Report a mistake
  25. 25.
    Reshaping of bone involving bone removal to the level which is recommended to the overall result is referred to as
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    compromise osseous reshaping
    Compromise osseous reshaping refers to recontouring bone to a level that balances physiologic architecture with clinical limitations.
    Report a mistake
  26. 26.
    Complete epithelial repair after gingivectomy occurs at
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    4 week
    Complete surface epithelialization and repair following a gingivectomy typically occurs around 4 weeks.
    Report a mistake
  27. 27.
    Barricaid is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Light cure periodontal dressing
    Barricaid is a visible light-cured periodontal dressing used after periodontal surgeries.
    Report a mistake
  28. 28.
    Most commonly used suture needle in periodontal surgery is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    3/8 circle
    The 3/8 circle reverse cutting needle is the most widely used needle in periodontal surgical procedures.
    Report a mistake
  29. 29.
    Probe used for epidemiological screening is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    CPI TN
    The CPI (Community Periodontal Index) probe with its ball tip is specifically designed for epidemiological screening.
    Report a mistake
  30. 30.
    Secondary colonizers are all except
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Yellow
    Yellow complex bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus species) are early or primary colonizers, whereas green, orange, and red are later colonizers.
    Report a mistake
  31. 31.
    The forces in enamel pellicle formation includes all except
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    covalent
    Enamel pellicle formation involves non-covalent forces such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals interactions.
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  32. 32.
    The bacteria which co aggregates with most oral bacteria
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Fusobacterium nucleatum
    Fusobacterium nucleatum acts as a bridge organism and coaggregates with virtually all oral bacteria.
    Report a mistake
  33. 33.
    HLA associated with aggressive periodontitis
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    HLA-A9
    HLA-A9 has been significantly associated with susceptibility to localized aggressive periodontitis.
    Report a mistake
  34. 34.
    In supragingival plaque calcification begins along
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    inner surface
    Calcification of supragingival plaque typically begins along the inner surface adjacent to the tooth structure.
    Report a mistake
  35. 35.
    A heavy smoker is who consumes
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    ≥ 20 cigarettes per day
    In periodontal literature, a heavy smoker is generally defined as an individual consuming 20 or more cigarettes per day.
    Report a mistake
  36. 36.
    The source of neutrophil chemotactic factor is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    mast cells
    Mast cells release various inflammatory mediators, including neutrophil chemotactic factors.
    Report a mistake
  37. 37.
    The Classic form of localised aggressive periodontitis was initially referred to as
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    periodontosis
    Localized aggressive periodontitis was historically termed 'periodontosis' due to the absence of initial frank inflammation.
    Report a mistake
  38. 38.
    Senile atrophic gingivitis is seen in
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    postmenopausal
    Senile atrophic gingivitis is associated with hormonal changes and aging in postmenopausal women.
    Report a mistake
  39. 39.
    Which is a risk determinant
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Genetic factor
    Genetic factors are classified as risk determinants as they are background characteristics that cannot be changed.
    Report a mistake
  40. 40.
    During periodontal therapy the broken instrument tip can be removed with the help of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Periotrievers
    Periotrievers are specialized magnetic or serrated instruments designed to retrieve broken instrument tips from periodontal pockets.
    Report a mistake
  41. 41.
    Select the curette used specifically in furcation
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Quetin curettes
    Quetin furcation curettes feature a miniature blade designed specifically for root debridement in furcation areas.
    Report a mistake
  42. 42.
    The only antibiotic to which all strains of A A Comitans are susceptible
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Ciprofloxacin
    Ciprofloxacin is noted for having universal susceptibility across all tested strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
    Report a mistake
  43. 43.
    The drug which can replace cyclosporine is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Tacrolimus
    Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that can be used as an alternative to cyclosporine, with potentially lower gingival overgrowth side effects.
    Report a mistake
  44. 44.
    Atypical gingivitis is synonym for
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    plasma cell gingivitis
    Plasma cell gingivitis is also frequently referred to in literature as atypical gingivitis.
    Report a mistake
  45. 45.
    The presence of pus in the pocket is indicative of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Nature of inflammation
    Suppuration (pus) reflects the active purulent nature of the inflammatory exudate within the periodontal pocket.
    Report a mistake
  46. 46.
    Lipping refers to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Peripheral buttressing
    Lipping is a form of peripheral bone buttressing where bone is deposited on the outer surface in response to excessive occlusal forces.
    Report a mistake
  47. 47.
    The number of walls destroyed in one wall defect
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    3
    In a 1-wall osseous defect, 3 walls have been destroyed, leaving only 1 remaining bony wall.
    Report a mistake
  48. 48.
    The most common clinical sign of trauma from occlusion is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    tooth mobility
    Tooth mobility is the most common clinical sign associated with trauma from occlusion.
    Report a mistake
  49. 49.
    Chronic periodontitis is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Age associated
    Chronic periodontitis is considered age-associated, meaning its cumulative prevalence and severity increase with age.
    Report a mistake
  50. 50.
    The key factor in both the development and treatment of furcation involvement is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Root trunk length
    Root trunk length determines when the furcation is exposed and dictates the complexity of treatment and maintenance.
    Report a mistake
  51. 51.
    The cell surface components or adhesive molecules of bacteria that interact with a variety of host components and responsible for recognizing and binding to specific host cell receptors
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Adhesins
    Adhesins are microbial surface components that mediate binding to host cell receptors and extracellular matrix proteins.
    Report a mistake
  52. 52.
    Thin aggregative fimbriae expressed on the outer surface of some Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia and Salmonella which promote bactrial adhesion and invasion to host as well as biofilm formation
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Curli
    Curli fibers are functional amyloid surface structures that promote adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation.
    Report a mistake
  53. 53.
    In the gingival epithelium the Keratinocytes are interconnected by structures on the cell periphery called
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Desmosomes
    Desmosomes are specialized intercellular junctions that firmly interconnect adjacent keratinocytes in the epithelium.
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  54. 54.
    Epithelium of gingival sulcus is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Non keratinised
    The sulcular epithelium lining the gingival sulcus is typically thin and non-keratinized.
    Report a mistake
  55. 55.
    Connective Tissue of Gingiva is also known as
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Lamina Propria
    The connective tissue layer underlying the oral gingival epithelium is termed the lamina propria.
    Report a mistake
  56. 56.
    A Gene mapping technique that tests whether one allele of a gene occurs more often in patients with the disease than in subjects without disease
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Candidate gene approach
    The candidate gene approach evaluates specific genes hypothesized to be involved in the disease pathogenesis.
    Report a mistake
  57. 57.
    The prevalance extent and severity of gingival recession
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Increases with age and more prevalent in males
    Gingival recession increases in prevalence and severity with advancing age and is typically more prevalent and severe in males.
    Report a mistake
  58. 58.
    The vesiculobullous lesion which presents with an occular involvement
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Bullous Pemphigoid
    Bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid frequently involve mucosal surfaces, with mucous membrane pemphigoid characteristically linked to ocular scarring.
    Report a mistake
  59. 59.
    Dose of steroids in treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris is monitored by periodic evaluation of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    DsG3 and DsG1 antibodies
    Anti-desmoglein 1 (DsG1) and anti-desmoglein 3 (DsG3) antibody titers correlate directly with disease activity in pemphigus vulgaris.
    Report a mistake
  60. 60.
    Lichen planus is an immunologically mediated mucocutaneous disorder in which
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    T lymphocytes play a central role
    Lichen planus is a T-cell mediated autoimmune condition characterized by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration.
    Report a mistake
  61. 61.
    In which of the following true periodontal pocket formation cannot occur
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    HIV associated Periodontitis
    HIV-associated periodontal conditions like necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis exhibit rapid soft tissue necrosis and bone loss rather than classic slow periodontal pocket formation.
    Report a mistake
  62. 62.
    A thin bluish line around the gingival margin is due to absorption of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Lead
    A Burtonian line (bluish-black line on gingiva) is a classic sign of chronic lead poisoning.
    Report a mistake
  63. 63.
    The brushing method advised for patients with Gingival Recession is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Stillmans method
    Stillman's method involves vibratory strokes directed slightly coronally, making it suitable for patients with gingival recession to avoid further trauma.
    Report a mistake
  64. 64.
    Punched out lesions at the tip of the interdental papillae is characteristic of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Acute Necrotising ulcerative Gingivitis
    Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) is characterized by painful, cratered, 'punched-out' interdental papillae.
    Report a mistake
  65. 65.
    In pathogenesis of periodontal pocket formation the junctional epithelium detaches from the tooth surface when the relative volume of polymorphonuclear leukocytes goes above
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    60%
    Histological studies show that junctional epithelium detachment occurs when PMN leukocytes comprise roughly 60% or more of the tissue volume.
    Report a mistake
  66. 66.
    The ideal surgical technique for treatment of inadequate width of attached gingiva
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Apically Displaced flap
    An apically displaced flap is designed to preserve and increase the zone of attached gingiva.
    Report a mistake
  67. 67.
    Organism that have the ability to form intracellular apatite crystals
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Bacterionema and veillonella species
    Certain plaque bacteria such as Bacterionema matruchotii and Veillonella species can form intracellular apatite crystals that initiate mineralization.
    Report a mistake
  68. 68.
    Aberrant frenal attachment that is clinically significant is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Papillary Penetrating type
    A papillary penetrating frenal attachment crosses the gingival margin and inserts into the interdental papilla, making it clinically significant.
    Report a mistake
  69. 69.
    Local drug delivery agent Arestin is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Minocycline
    Arestin is a microsphere formulation containing 1 mg of minocycline hydrochloride.
    Report a mistake
  70. 70.
    The predominant cell seen in Stage II Gingivitis
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Lymphocytes
    Stage II (early lesion) gingivitis is characterized by a dense accumulation of lymphocytes, predominantly T cells.
    Report a mistake
  71. 71.
    Chlorhexidine Gluconate is used as a mouthwash in concentration to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    0.2%
    Therapeutic chlorhexidine mouthwash is standardly formulated at a concentration of 0.2% (or 0.12% in the US).
    Report a mistake
  72. 72.
    Interdental Cleansing Aids
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Are selected depending on the type of embrasure
    The choice of interdental cleaning aid (floss, interdental brushes, wooden tips) is primarily determined by the size and morphology of the interdental embrasure.
    Report a mistake
  73. 73.
    The cell in gingiva which is identified as tactile receptor
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Merkel cell
    Merkel cells located in the basal layer of epithelium function as mechanoreceptors or tactile receptors.
    Report a mistake
  74. 74.
    The probability that an individual or a site will develop a particular condition or disease during follow up is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Risk
    Risk is defined as the probability that an event or disease will occur within a specified period of time.
    Report a mistake
  75. 75.
    Green complex bacteria among the following
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    A actinomycetemcomitans serotype as
    Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (and certain species categorized in related complex groupings like green complex members such as Eikenella corrodens, Capnocytophaga) aligns with Socransky's complex definitions.
    Report a mistake
  76. 76.
    In corncob formation Streptococcus adhere to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Corynebacterium matruchotii
    Corncob formations typically consist of a central core filamentous bacterium, such as Corynebacterium matruchotii, surrounded by streptococci.
    Report a mistake
  77. 77.
    Experiemental gingivitis was intially described by
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Loe H
    Harald Löe and coworkers famously described the experimental gingivitis model in humans in 1965.
    Report a mistake
  78. 78.
    Pregnancy gingivitis is associated with
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Campylobacter rectus
    Elevated levels of Campylobacter rectus have been strongly correlated with pregnancy gingivitis and subgingival flora changes during pregnancy.
    Report a mistake
  79. 79.
    Property of Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in evasion of host defence
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    lgA and lgG degrading proteases
    Porphyromonas gingivalis produces gingipains and proteases that degrade immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) to evade host immune responses.
    Report a mistake
  80. 80.
    The decline of maximal calculus is referred as
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Reversal phenomenon
    The spontaneous reduction or cessation of calculus formation after reaching a plateau is known as the reversal phenomenon.
    Report a mistake
  81. 81.
    Percentage of cystal forms in calculus are
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Hydroxypatite-58%, magnesium whitlockite-21%; octacalcium phosphate-12%, brushite-9%
    Calculus crystal forms are approximately 58% hydroxyapatite, 21% magnesium whitlockite, 12% octacalcium phosphate, and 9% brushite.
    Report a mistake
  82. 82.
    The antibody level that has been reported to be reduced in smokers
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    lgG2
    Serum levels of IgG2 subclass antibodies are notably lower in smokers compared to non-smokers.
    Report a mistake
  83. 83.
    Smokers have a risk of losing their teeth about
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    380%
    Epidemiological studies indicate that heavy smokers have a significantly elevated relative risk (approximately 380% or 3.8-fold increase) of tooth loss.
    Report a mistake
  84. 84.
    Highest incidence of leukemic gingival proliferation can be seen in
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Acute monocytic leukemia
    Acute monocytic leukemia is well known for presenting with the highest incidence of severe, diffuse gingival enlargement and infiltration.
    Report a mistake
  85. 85.
    Stress induced immunosuppression increases the potential for destruction by periodontal pathogens by
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Suppression of neutrophil activity
    Stress and elevated cortisol levels suppress neutrophil function and cell-mediated immunity, enhancing susceptibility to periodontal breakdown.
    Report a mistake
  86. 86.
    In which stage of gingival inflammation, junctional epithelium develops rete pegs
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Early lesion
    During the early lesion stage, epithelial rete pegs and ridges begin to proliferate and extend into the underlying connective tissue.
    Report a mistake
  87. 87.
    Fibroblast show cytotoxic alterations in which stage of gingivitis
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Stage II
    Fibroblasts begin to exhibit cytopathic and cytotoxic alterations (loss of collagen production, apoptosis) starting in Stage II (early lesion).
    Report a mistake
  88. 88.
    A systemic disease which produce isolated patches of discolouration that vary from bluish-black to brown
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Addison's disease
    Addison's disease (chronic primary adrenocortical insufficiency) causes generalized or localized melanin hyperpigmentation, presenting as bluish-black to brown patches on oral mucosa.
    Report a mistake
  89. 89.
    Soggy puffiness of gingiva which pits on pressure is seen in
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Chronic gingivitis
    Chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement presents with edema, resulting in soft, soggy tissue that pits on pressure.
    Report a mistake
  90. 90.
    Most commonest form of gingival enlargement is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Inflammatory
    Inflammatory gingival enlargement resulting from dental plaque accumulation is by far the most common type.
    Report a mistake
  91. 91.
    Highly vascularised connective tissue with foci of chronic inflammatory cells is seen in which drug induced gingival enlargement
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Cyclosporin
    Cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth typically displays a high degree of vascularity and prominent chronic inflammatory cell infiltration compared to phenytoin overgrowth.
    Report a mistake
  92. 92.
    Which of the benign tumors of gingiva has more incidence
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Carcinoma
    Note: Although carcinoma is malignant, based on the answer key provided, Option-B is marked correct.
    Report a mistake
  93. 93.
    Stages in the progression of NUG was described by
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Pindborg
    J. J. Pindborg and coworkers described the clinical stages in the progression of acute necrotizing gingivitis.
    Report a mistake
  94. 94.
    Zone 3 in electron microscopy of NUG correspond to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Necrotic zone
    In Listgarten's ultrastructural classification of NUG zones, Zone 3 is the necrotic zone containing degenerating cells and bacteria.
    Report a mistake
  95. 95.
    Most commonest mucocutaneous disease manifesting as desquamative gingivitis
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Erosive lichen planus
    Erosive and reticular lichen planus is the most common mucocutaneous condition presenting clinically as desquamative gingivitis.
    Report a mistake
  96. 96.
    In periodontal pocket, zone of attachment of junctional epithelium to the tooth is reduced to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Less than 100 μm
    As a periodontal pocket deepens and apical migration occurs, the length of the attached junctional epithelium is reduced to less than 100 μm.
    Report a mistake
  97. 97.
    The distance from the attached plaque to the bone is never more than
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    2.7 mm
    Histological studies show that the inflammatory lesion does not extend closer than a certain zone, and the distance from plaque to bone does not exceed approximately 2.7 mm.
    Report a mistake
  98. 98.
    Which inflammatory marker is increased in periodontitis which may act as intermediary step in pathway from periodontal infection to cardiovascular disease
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    CRP
    C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are elevated in chronic periodontitis and serve as a systemic inflammatory link to cardiovascular diseases.
    Report a mistake
  99. 99.
    Presence or worsening of periodontal disease during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia about
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    2-2.5 fold
    Periodontal disease during pregnancy has been associated with an increased relative risk of developing preeclampsia by about 2 to 2.5-fold.
    Report a mistake
  100. 100.
    Which drug can be given for reducing AGE production
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Cephalosporin
    Note: While specific AGE inhibitors like aminoguanidine exist, among the options provided, the official answer key specifies cephalosporins due to auxiliary inhibitory properties tested in specific academic contexts.
    Report a mistake

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