The Channar agitation is mainly for

D) Right to wear upper body cloth

The father of Library movement in Kerala

B) Puthuvayil Narayana Panicker

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100 questions with answersProvisional keyAssistant Grade

Statistical Assistant Gr II-Statistical Invesigator Gr II-Computer Operator Gr II in Economics - Statistics question paper 2015

Date of test: 21-04-2015
Question paper code: 5/2015/OL
Category No.: 165/2012
Questions: 100
Answer key: Provisional Answer Key
Exam mode: Online (computer based)

Provisional key. Kerala PSC can change answers after reviewing complaints; the final key decides the marks.

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Source: Kerala PSC (keralapsc.gov.in) · official document· Last updated 25 Sept 2026· How we check content

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All 100 questions with answers

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1.
S N D P Yogam was established in the year
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A —
1903
SNDP Yogam was established in 1903 under the leadership of Sree Narayana Guru.
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2.
Which one of the following is not a fundamental right ?
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Answer: B —
Right to property
Right to property was removed from the list of fundamental rights by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
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3.
The Article related with special privilege of Jammu and Kashmir
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Answer: A —
Article 370
Article 370 of the Indian Constitution granted special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir.
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4.
Who was the founder of Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham ?
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Answer: D —
Ayyankali
Ayyankali founded the Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham in 1907 to work for the upliftment of the depressed classes.
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5.
The temple entry proclamation of 1936 was issued by
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Answer: B —
Sri Chithira Thirunal
The Temple Entry Proclamation was issued by Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma of Travancore.
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6.
The poem 'Jathikkummi' was written by
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Answer: D —
Pandit K P Karuppan
Pandit K. P. Karuppan wrote the poem 'Jathikkummi' to protest against the caste system.
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7.
The Malayalam novelist who used the pen name 'Vilasini'
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Answer: A —
M K Menon
M. K. Menon, a prominent Malayalam novelist, wrote under the pen name 'Vilasini'.
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8.
Human Rights Day is celebrated on
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Answer: C —
December 10
Human Rights Day is observed every year on December 10, the day the UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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9.
The father of White Revolution in India
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Answer: C —
Varghese Kurian
Dr. Verghese Kurien is known as the father of the White Revolution in India for his role in Operation Flood.
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10.
ISRO Space craft 'Mangalayan' entered in the martian orbit in ____
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Answer: D —
24 September 2014
ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) successfully entered Martian orbit on 24 September 2014.
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11.
Who is the founder of social networking site 'Facebook' ?
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Answer: C —
Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Zuckerberg is the founder of Facebook.
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12.
In which District Edakkal caves are situated ?
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Answer: B —
Wayand
Edakkal caves are located in the Wayanad district of Kerala.
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13.
Kerala Kalamandalam was established in
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Answer: C —
1930
Kerala Kalamandalam was established in 1930 by Vallathol Narayana Menon.
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14.
The Channar agitation is mainly for
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Answer: D —
Right to wear upper body cloth
The Channar agitation was a struggle for the right of lower-caste women to cover their upper bodies.
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15.
Who is the author of the drama 'Adukkalyilninnum Arangathekku ' ?
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Answer: A —
V T Bhattathiripad
V. T. Bhattathiripad wrote the play 'Adukkalyilninnum Arangathekku' to highlight the plight of Namboodiri women.
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16.
Who was the editor of the literary journal 'Vivekodyam' which started publication in Kerala in 1904 ?
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Answer: D —
Kumaran Asan
Kumaran Asan was the editor of the journal 'Vivekodyam'.
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17.
The father of Library movement in Kerala
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Answer: B —
Puthuvayil Narayana Panicker
P. N. Panicker is known as the father of the Library movement in Kerala.
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18.
Who among the following is not related with the 'Abstention movement' ?
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Answer: A —
A K Gopalan
A. K. Gopalan was not associated with the Abstention movement (Nivarthana Prakshobham).
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19.
The Indian who won the Nobel Prize for peace in 2014
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Answer: C —
Kailash Satyarthi
Kailash Satyarthi won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 along with Malala Yousafzai.
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20.
The Right to Information Act came into force in ____
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Answer: B —
12 October 2005
The RTI Act came into full force on 12 October 2005.
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21.
Which measure of location will be suitable to compare heights of students in two classes?
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Answer: A —
Mean
The arithmetic mean is the most suitable measure for comparing central tendencies of continuous data like height.
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22.
The geometric mean of 2, 4, 16 and 32 is
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Answer: C —
8
Geometric Mean = $(2 \times 4 \times 16 \times 32)^{1/4} = (4096)^{1/4} = 8$ .
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23.
The strength of seven colleges in a city are 385,1748,1343,1935,786,2874 and 2108. Then the median strength is
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Answer: B —
1748
Arranging in ascending order: 385, 786, 1343, 1748, 1935, 2108, 2874. The middle value is 1748.
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24.
The mean and median of 100 items are 50 and 52 respectively. The value of the largest item is 100. It was later found that it is actually 110. Therefore, the true mean is ___ and the true median is _____ .
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Answer: A —
50.1, 52
New sum = $(100 \times 50) - 100 + 110 = 5010$ . New mean = $5010 / 100 = 50.1$ . Median remains unchanged as the change is in the extreme value.
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25.
10 is the mean of a set of 7 observations and 5 is the mean of a set of 3 observations. The mean of a combined set is given by
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Answer: C —
8.5
Combined Mean = $\frac{(7 \times 10) + (3 \times 5)}{7 + 3} = \frac{70 + 15}{10} = 8.5$ .
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26.
A distribution with more than two modes is called
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Answer: C —
multimodal
A distribution with more than two modes is defined as multimodal.
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27.
The algebraic sum of the deviations of a set of n values from their arithmetic mean is
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Answer: B —
0
By definition, $\sum (x_i - \bar{x}) = 0$ .
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28.
When $x_i$ and $y_i$ are two variables (i=1,2,...,n) with geometric means $G_1$ and $G_2$ respectively then the geometric mean of $\frac{x_i}{y_i}$ is
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Answer: A —
$\frac{G_1}{G_2}$
The geometric mean of a ratio of two variables is the ratio of their geometric means.
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29.
The mean of the distribution, in which the value of x are 1,2,...,n, the frequency of each being unity is
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Answer: C —
$\frac{n+1}{2}$
Mean = $\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} i}{n} = \frac{n(n+1)/2}{n} = \frac{n+1}{2}$ .
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30.
The mean of 20 observations is 15. On checking it was found that two observations were wrongly copied as 3 and 6. If wrong observations are replaced by correct values 8 and 4, then the correct mean is
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Answer: A —
15.15
Correct sum = $(20 \times 15) - (3 + 6) + (8 + 4) = 300 - 9 + 12 = 303$ . Correct mean = $303 / 20 = 15.15$ .
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31.
Sum of absolute deviations about median is
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Answer: A —
least
The sum of absolute deviations $\sum |x_i - M|$ is minimized when M is the median.
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32.
If each of a set of observations of a variable is multiplied by a constant (non-zero) value, the variance of the resultant variable
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Answer: B —
increases
If $Y = cX$ , then $Var(Y) = c^2 Var(X)$ . If $c > 1$ , variance increases.
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33.
The standard deviation of a distribution is 5. The value of the fourth central moment $\mu_4$ in order that the distribution be mesokurtic should be
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Answer: C —
equal to 1875
For a mesokurtic distribution, $\beta_2 = \frac{\mu_4}{\sigma^4} = 3$ . Given $\sigma = 5$ , $\sigma^4 = 625$ . Thus $\mu_4 = 3 \times 625 = 1875$ .
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34.
In a frequency curve of scores the mode was found to be higher than the mean. This shows that the distribution is
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Answer: B —
negatively skewed
In a negatively skewed distribution, Mean < Median < Mode.
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35.
The probability of drawing any one spade card from a pack of cards is
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Answer: D —
$\frac{1}{4}$
There are 13 spades in a deck of 52 cards. $13/52 = 1/4$ .
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36.
A coin is tossed three times in succession, the number of sample points in sample space is
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Answer: B —
8
For $n$ tosses, the sample space size is $2^n$ . For $n=3$ , $2^3 = 8$ .
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37.
A single letter is selected at random from the word 'probability'. The probability that it is a vowel is
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Answer: C —
$\frac{4}{11}$
The word 'probability' has 11 letters. Vowels are o, a, i, i (4). Probability = 4/11.
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38.
A number is chosen at random among the first 120 natural numbers. The probability of the number chosen being a multiple of 5 or 15 is
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Answer: A —
$\frac{1}{5}$
Multiples of 5 up to 120 are $120/5 = 24$ . Multiples of 15 are $120/15 = 8$ . Since all multiples of 15 are multiples of 5, the count is 24. Probability = $24/120 = 1/5$ .
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39.
If A and B are two independent events, the probability that both A and B occur is $1/8$ and the probability that neither of them occurs is $3/8$ . The probability of the occurrence of A is
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Answer: A —
$\frac{1}{2}$
$P(A)P(B) = 1/8$ and $(1-P(A))(1-P(B)) = 3/8$ . Solving these yields $P(A) = 1/2$ or $1/4$ .
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40.
An urn contains 9 balls, two of which are red, three blue and four black. Three balls are drawn at random. The chance that they are of the same colour is
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Answer: A —
$\frac{5}{84}$
Total ways = $^9C_3 = 84$ . Ways to get 3 of same color = $^3C_3$ (blue) + $^4C_3$ (black) = $1 + 4 = 5$ . Probability = $5/84$ .
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41.
In the simultaneous tossing of two perfect coins, the probability of having atleast one head is
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Answer: C —
$\frac{3}{4}$
Sample space: {HH, HT, TH, TT}. At least one head: {HH, HT, TH}. Probability = 3/4.
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42.
For two events $E_1, E_2$ if $P(E_1) = 1/2, P(E_2) = 1/3, P(E_1 \cup E_2) = 2/3$ then $P(E_1 \cap E_2)$ is equal to
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B —
$\frac{1}{6}$
$P(E_1 \cup E_2) = P(E_1) + P(E_2) - P(E_1 \cap E_2) \Rightarrow 2/3 = 1/2 + 1/3 - P(E_1 \cap E_2) \Rightarrow P(E_1 \cap E_2) = 5/6 - 2/3 = 1/6$ .
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43.
If $P(A/B) = 1/4$ and $P(B/A) = 1/3$ , then $\frac{P(A)}{P(B)}$ is equal to
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Answer: A —
$\frac{3}{4}$
$P(A \cap B) = P(A/B)P(B) = P(B/A)P(A) \Rightarrow (1/4)P(B) = (1/3)P(A) \Rightarrow P(A)/P(B) = (1/4)/(1/3) = 3/4$ .
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44.
If $P_1(x)$ and $P_2(x)$ be the marginal probability functions of two independent discrete random variables X and Y, then their joint probability function $P(x,y) =$
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Answer: B —
$P_1(x)P_2(y)$
For independent random variables, the joint probability mass function is the product of marginal probability mass functions.
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45.
The function $f(x)$ defined as $f(x) = \begin{cases} |x| & \text{if } -1 < x < 1 \\ 0 & \text{elsewhere} \end{cases}$ is a possible
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Answer: A —
density function
A function is a probability density function if $\int f(x) dx = 1$ . Here $\int_{-1}^{1} |x| dx = 2 \int_{0}^{1} x dx = 2[x^2/2]_0^1 = 1$ .
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46.
For two random variables X and Y, the relation $E(XY) = E(X)E(Y)$ holds good
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Answer: A —
if X and Y are statistically independent.
Independence of random variables is a sufficient condition for the expectation of their product to be the product of their expectations.
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47.
$Var(2X \pm 3)$ if $Var(X)=1$ is
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Answer: C —
4
$Var(aX + b) = a^2 Var(X)$ . Thus $Var(2X \pm 3) = 2^2 Var(X) = 4(1) = 4$ .
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48.
$E(X-k)^2$ is minimum when
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Answer: C —
$k = E(X)$
The mean squared error $E(X-k)^2$ is minimized when $k$ is the expected value $E(X)$ .
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49.
The height of persons in a country is a random variable of the type
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Answer: A —
continuous random variable
Height is a measurement that can take any value within a range, making it a continuous random variable.
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50.
If X is a random variable, $E(e^{tX})$ is known as
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Answer: B —
moment generating function
The moment generating function (MGF) of a random variable X is defined as $M_X(t) = E(e^{tX})$ .
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51.
The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 8 and 4 respectively. Then $P(X=1)$ is equal to
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Answer: D —
$\frac{1}{2^{12}}$
$np=8, npq=4 \implies q=0.5, p=0.5, n=16$ . $P(X=1) = \binom{16}{1} (0.5)^1 (0.5)^{15} = 16 \times (0.5)^{16} = 2^4 \times 2^{-16} = 2^{-12} = \frac{1}{2^{12}}$ .
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52.
A probability distribution in which mean is equal to variance is
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Answer: D —
Poisson
For a Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda$ , both the mean and the variance are equal to $\lambda$ .
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53.
An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. The chance that in the next six trials, there shall be atleast four successes is
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Answer: D —
$\frac{496}{729}$
$p=2/3, q=1/3, n=6$ . $P(X \ge 4) = P(4)+P(5)+P(6) = \binom{6}{4}(2/3)^4(1/3)^2 + \binom{6}{5}(2/3)^5(1/3)^1 + \binom{6}{6}(2/3)^6 = \frac{15 \cdot 16 + 6 \cdot 32 + 64}{729} = \frac{240+192+64}{729} = \frac{496}{729}$ .
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54.
The skewness in a binomial distribution will be zero, if
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Answer: D —
$p = \frac{1}{2}$
A binomial distribution is symmetric (skewness = 0) when $p = q = 0.5$ .
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55.
The characteristic function of Poisson distribution is
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Answer: C —
$e^{m(e^{it}-1)}$
The characteristic function of a Poisson distribution with mean $m$ is $\phi(t) = E(e^{itX}) = e^{m(e^{it}-1)}$ .
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56.
The coefficient of variation of Poisson distribution with mean 4 is
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Answer: B —
$\frac{2}{4}$
Mean $\lambda=4$ , S.D. $\sigma = \sqrt{\lambda} = 2$ . $CV = (\sigma/\mu) \times 100 = (2/4) \times 100 = 50\%$ .
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57.
If X is a normal variate representing the income in Rs. per day with mean=50 and S.D=10. If the number of workers in a factory is 1200, then the number of workers having income more than Rs. 62.00 per day is (given $\phi(1.2) = 0.3849$ where Z is a standard normal variate)
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Answer: C —
138
$Z = (62-50)/10 = 1.2$ . $P(X > 62) = P(Z > 1.2) = 0.5 - 0.3849 = 0.1151$ . $1200 \times 0.1151 \approx 138$ .
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58.
If $X \sim Exp(5)$ , then the probability density function of X is
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Answer: A —
$5e^{-5x}, x>0$
The PDF of an exponential distribution with rate parameter $\lambda$ is $f(x) = \lambda e^{-\lambda x}$ . Here $\lambda=5$ .
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59.
The distribution for which mode does not exist is
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Answer: C —
continuous rectangular distribution
In a continuous uniform (rectangular) distribution, the density is constant over the interval, so no unique mode exists.
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60.
Assume that the height of students is distributed as $N(\mu, \sigma^2)$ . Out of a large number of students, 5 percent are above 72 inches and 10 percent are below 60 inches. The mean and S.D. of the normal distribution are (given $\phi(z_1)=0.45, z_1=1.64, \phi(z_2)=0.4, z_2=1.28$ where $\phi(z)=\int_0^z f(z)dz$ )
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Answer: D —
$\mu=65, \Sigma=4$
$72 = \mu + 1.64\sigma$ and $60 = \mu - 1.28\sigma$ . Solving these gives $\mu=65$ and $\sigma=4$ .
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61.
A box contains 12 items out of which 4 are defective. A person selects 6 items from the box. The expected number of defective items out of his selected items is
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Answer: A —
2
This follows a hypergeometric distribution. $E(X) = n \times (K/N) = 6 \times (4/12) = 6 \times (1/3) = 2$ .
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62.
If X is a normal variate with mean 20 and variance 64, the probability that X lies between 12 and 32 is (Given z : -1.0, 1.5; $\phi(z): 0.3143, 0.4332$ )
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Answer: C —
0.7475
$Z_1 = (12-20)/8 = -1.0$ , $Z_2 = (32-20)/8 = 1.5$ . $P(-1 < Z < 1.5) = \phi(1.0) + \phi(1.5) = 0.3143 + 0.4332 = 0.7475$ .
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63.
If Z is a standard normal variate, the proportion of items lying between z=-0.5 and z=-3.0 is
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Answer: C —
0.3072
$P(-3 < Z < -0.5) = P(0.5 < Z < 3) = P(Z < 3) - P(Z < 0.5) = 0.4987 - 0.1915 = 0.3072$ .
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64.
Factorization theorem for sufficiency is known as
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Answer: D —
Fisher-Neyman theorem
The Fisher-Neyman factorization theorem provides a necessary and sufficient condition for a statistic to be sufficient.
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65.
If the expected value of an estimator is not equal to its parametric function $\tau(\Theta)$ , it is said to be a
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Answer: B —
biased estimator
An estimator is biased if $E(\hat{\theta}) \neq \theta$ .
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66.
An estimator $T_n$ of $\theta$ is said to be more efficient than any other estimator $T'_n$ of $\theta$ if and only if
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Answer: D —
All the above
All three expressions equivalently state that $T_n$ has a smaller variance than $T'_n$ , making it more efficient.
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67.
If $\sigma^2$ is the population variance and $s^2 = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n (X_i - \bar{X})^2$ is the sample variance, then $s^2$ is an unbiased estimate of
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Answer: D —
$\frac{n-1}{n} \sigma^2$
The sample variance with divisor $n$ is biased, and its expected value is $\frac{n-1}{n}\sigma^2$ .
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68.
The sample median is _______________ estimate for the mean of normal population.
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Answer: C —
unbiased and consistent
For a normal population, the sample median is both an unbiased and consistent estimator of the population mean.
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69.
If a sufficient estimator exists it is a function of the _______ estimator.
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Answer: C —
maximum likelihood estimator
By the Fisher-Neyman theorem and properties of sufficient statistics, any sufficient statistic is a function of the maximum likelihood estimator.
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70.
The credit of inventing the method of moments for estimating the parameter goes to
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Answer: D —
Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson introduced the method of moments for parameter estimation in 1894.
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71.
Cramer-Rao inequality with regard to the variance of an estimator provides
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Answer: B —
lower bound on the variance
The Cramér-Rao lower bound establishes a lower bound on the variance of any unbiased estimator.
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72.
If $X_1, X_2, ..., X_n$ is a random sample from a population $N(0, \sigma^2)$ , the sufficient statistic for $\sigma^2$ is
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Answer: B —
$\sum X_i^2$
Using the factorization theorem, $\sum X_i^2$ is sufficient for $\sigma^2$ when mean is known to be zero.
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73.
Estimate and Estimator are
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Answer: C —
different
An estimator is a rule or formula (random variable), whereas an estimate is a specific numerical value calculated from sample data.
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74.
The idea of testing of hypothesis was first set forth by
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Answer: B —
J.Neyman
The formal theory of hypothesis testing was primarily developed and set forth by Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson.
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75.
A wrong decision about $H_0$ leads to
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Answer: B —
two kinds of errors
Hypothesis testing errors are classified into two types: Type I error and Type II error.
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76.
In terms of type II error $\beta$ and $\theta$ , the true parameter, the function $1-\beta(\theta)$ is called
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Answer: B —
power function
The function $1 - \beta(\theta)$ representing the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false is the power function.
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77.
A population is distributed as $N(\mu, 10.24)$ . A sample of 576 items has a mean 4.7. The value of the statistic Z to test $H_0: \mu = 5.2$ is
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Answer: C —
-3.75
$Z = \frac{4.7 - 5.2}{\sqrt{10.24}/\sqrt{576}} = \frac{-0.5}{3.2/24} = \frac{-0.5}{0.1333} = -3.75$ .
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78.
A sample of 12 specimen taken from a normal population is expected to have a mean 50 mg/cc. The sample has a mean 64 mg/cc with a variance of 25. To test $H_0: \mu = 50 \text{ vs. } H_1: \mu \neq 50$ , you will use
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Answer: D —
t-test
Since sample size is small ( $n < 30$ ) and population variance is unknown, Student's t-test is used.
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79.
Testing $H_0: \mu = 1500$ against $\mu < 1500$ leads to
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Answer: A —
one-sided lower tailed test
The alternative hypothesis $\mu < 1500$ defines a one-sided lower tailed test.
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80.
The mean difference between 9 paired observations is 15.0 and the standard deviation of differences is 5.0. The value of statistic t is
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Answer: B —
9
$t = \frac{\bar{d}}{S_d / \sqrt{n}} = \frac{15.0}{5.0 / \sqrt{9}} = \frac{15.0}{5.0 / 3} = \frac{15 \times 3}{5} = 9$ .
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81.
Range of statistic t is
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Answer: B —
$-\infty$ to $\infty$
The Student's t-statistic can take any real value from $-\infty$ to $\infty$ .
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82.
Given the following eight sample values -4, -3, -3, 0, 3, 3, 4, 4 the value of student's t-statistic to test $H_0: \mu = 0$ is
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Answer: D —
0.41
Calculating sample mean, standard deviation, and t-value for $n=8$ gives approximately 0.41.
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83.
In a contingency table, the expected frequencies are computed under
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Answer: A —
null hypothesis $H_0$
Expected frequencies in chi-square tests of independence are computed assuming the null hypothesis of independence is true.
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84.
The term regression was introduced by
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Answer: B —
Sir Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton introduced the concept and term 'regression' in his studies of inheritance.
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85.
If $b_{yx}$ and $b_{xy}$ are two regression coefficients they have
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Answer: A —
same sign
Both regression coefficients must always have the same sign, which is identical to the sign of the correlation coefficient $r$ .
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86.
The lines of regression intersect at the point
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Answer: D —
$(\bar{x}, \bar{y})$
The two regression lines always intersect at the point of means $(\bar{x}, \bar{y})$ .
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87.
If a constant 50 is subtracted from each of the value of X and Y, the regression coefficient is
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Answer: D —
not changed
Regression coefficients are independent of change of origin (shifting/subtracting constants).
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88.
If r is the simple correlation coefficient, the quantity $r^2$ is known as
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Answer: A —
coefficient of determination
The square of the correlation coefficient ( $r^2$ ) is called the coefficient of determination.
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89.
The range of simple correlation coefficient is
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Answer: D —
-1 to 1
The simple correlation coefficient $r$ always lies between -1 and 1 inclusive.
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90.
The hypothesis for a specific known value of r can be tested by
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Answer: B —
Z-test
Fisher's Z-transformation is commonly used to test hypotheses concerning the population correlation coefficient.
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91.
A measure of linear association of a variable with a number of other variables is known as
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Answer: D —
multiple correlation
Multiple correlation measures the association between one variable and a set of other predictor variables.
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92.
Given the regression lines $X+2Y-5=0$ , $2X+3Y-8=0$ and $\text{Var}(X)=12$ , the value of $\text{Var}(Y)$ is
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Answer: D —
4
Solving the system of equations and using the properties of regression coefficients yields $\text{Var}(Y) = 4$ .
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93.
Given $r_{12} = 0.6$ , $r_{13} = 0.5$ and $r_{23} = 0.8$ , the value of $r_{12.3}$ is
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Answer: C —
0.38
Using the partial correlation formula $r_{12.3} = \frac{r_{12} - r_{13}r_{23}}{\sqrt{(1-r_{13}^2)(1-r_{23}^2)}} \approx 0.38$ .
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94.
The sales of a departmental store on Dushera and Diwali are associated with the component of a time series
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Answer: C —
seasonal variation
Festival sales like Dushera and Diwali occur at specific times annually, representing seasonal variations.
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95.
Which index satisfies factor reversal test?
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Answer: D —
Fisher's ideal index
Fisher's Ideal Index is known as the ideal index because it satisfies both the time reversal test and the factor reversal test.
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96.
Control chart consists of
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Answer: A —
three control lines
A control chart consists of three lines: Upper Control Limit (UCL), Central Line (CL), and Lower Control Limit (LCL).
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97.
Replication in an experiment means
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Answer: B —
the number of times a treatment occurs in an experiment
Replication refers to the repetition of each treatment in an experiment.
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98.
Local control in experimental designs is meant to
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Answer: D —
all the above
Local control helps in forming homogeneous blocks, reducing experimental error, and increasing overall design efficiency.
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99.
The number of possible samples of size n out of N population units without replacement is
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Answer: A —
$\binom{N}{n}$
The number of distinct possible samples of size n drawn without replacement from N population units is given by combinations $\binom{N}{n}$ .
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100.
Moving average method of fitting trend in a time series data removes the effect of
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Answer: D —
short-term movements
The moving average method smoothens out fluctuations by filtering out short-term movements and irregular variations.
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