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100 questions with answersProvisional keyKerala PSC Exam

Dairy Extension Officer- Kerala Dairy Development question paper 2018

Question paper code
12/2015/OL
Category No.
- 157/2013
Questions
100
Answer key
Provisional Answer Key
Exam mode
Online (computer based)

Provisional key. Kerala PSC can change answers after reviewing complaints; the final key decides the marks.

Source: Kerala PSC (keralapsc.gov.in) · official document· Last updated 25 Sept 2026· How we check content

Official PDFs

As published by the Kerala Public Service Commission.

All 100 questions with answers

Tap an option to check yourself, or open the answer. Answers follow the official Kerala PSC answer key.

  1. 1.
    'Vala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha' is connected with ?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Pandit K P Karuppan
    Vala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha was founded by Pandit K. P. Karuppan.
  2. 2.
    Who was selected as 'the Player of the series' of 2015 ICC World Cup?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Mitchell Starc
    Australian fast bowler Mitchell Starc was awarded the Player of the Series in the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup.
  3. 3.
    The Idea of Directive Principles was borrowed by India from?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Ireland
    The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution were borrowed from Ireland.
  4. 4.
    Domestic Violence Act was passed in the year?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    2005
    The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act was passed in 2005.
  5. 5.
    The Magazine 'Bhashaposhini' is associated with?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Kandathil Varghese Mappillai
    Bhashaposhini magazine was revived/associated prominently with Kandathil Varghese Mappillai.
  6. 6.
    The first exclusive educational satellite of India?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    EDUSAT
    EDUSAT (GSAT-3) was India's first thematic satellite dedicated to the field of education.
  7. 7.
    The term 'Socialist and Secular' were added to the Preamble of Indian Constitution through .......... Amendment?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    42nd Amendment
    The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 added three new words—Socialist, Secular, and Integrity—to the Preamble.
  8. 8.
    The first state which fixed minimum educational qualification to contest for Panchayath polls?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Rajastan
    Rajasthan was the first state in India to fix minimum educational qualifications for contesting panchayat elections.
  9. 9.
    Choose the right option in connection with Temple Entry Proclamation?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    1936 November 12
    The Temple Entry Proclamation was signed by Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma on November 12, 1936.
  10. 10.
    The father of the Cartoon ' Common man'?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    RK Laxman
    R.K. Laxman created the iconic cartoon character 'The Common Man'.
  11. 11.
    The Article which abolishes Untouchability?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Article 17
    Article 17 of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
  12. 12.
    Which day is observed as 'Pravasi Baratiya Divas'?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    January 9
    Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is celebrated on January 9 every year to mark the contribution of the overseas Indian community.
  13. 13.
    Who was the author of 'Pattabakki', the first political drama in Kerala?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    K Damodaran
    'Pattabakki', considered the first political Malayalam drama, was written by K. Damodaran.
  14. 14.
    The Article 16 of Indian Constitution guarantees?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Equality of opportunity in maters of public employment
    Article 16 provides for equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
  15. 15.
    Which of the following Committee is associated with Fundamental Duties?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Swaran Singh Committee
    The Swaran Singh Committee recommended the inclusion of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution.
  16. 16.
    Who wrote 'Samkshepa Vedartham'?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Clement Pianius
    'Samkshepa Vedartham' is the first printed book in Malayalam, written by Clement Pianius (Padre Clementi) in 1772.
  17. 17.
    Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act aims to provide at least ?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    100 days of wage employment in a financial year
    MGNREGA aims to enhance livelihood security by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year.
  18. 18.
    Prof.Shantha Sinha is associated with ?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    NCPCR
    Prof. Shantha Sinha is an anti-child labor activist and the founder of Mamidipudi Venkatarangaiya Foundation, and served as the first chairperson of NCPCR.
  19. 19.
    The word 'Lokpal' was coined by ?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    LM Singhvi
    The term 'Lokpal' was coined by Dr. L. M. Singhvi in 1963.
  20. 20.
    International Wmen's Day?
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    March 8
    International Women's Day is celebrated globally on March 8 every year.
  21. 21.
    Which among the following contain 65-85 percent milk fat
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Plastic cream
    Plastic cream contains a very high fat content, typically ranging between 65% and 85%.
  22. 22.
    The viscosity of the cream can be increased by
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Ageing of cream
    Ageing of cream allows fat crystallization and protein hydration, increasing its viscosity.
  23. 23.
    Feathering in hot coffee is due to defect in cream caused by
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Excessive homogenization pressure
    Excessive homogenization pressure destabilizes fat globules, causing feathering when added to hot coffee.
  24. 24.
    In Swiss cheese making, the lactic acid bacteria convert lactose to lactic acid, which in turn is used by propioni bacteria to produce propionic acid. this is an example for
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Metabiosis
    Metabiosis (or commensalism) occurs when one organism creates an environment or metabolite suitable for another.
  25. 25.
    The production of gas in canned dairy products cause bulging of cans and can be caused by
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    All the above
    Gas production and subsequent can bulging can be caused by various gas-producing yeasts and bacteria like Candida, E. coli, and Clostridium species.
  26. 26.
    If the standard plate count per milliliter of raw milk is in the range of 2,00,000 to 1 million, the grade recommended by Indian Standards Institution is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Good
    According to ISI standards, an SPC between 2,00,000 and 1 million per ml falls under the 'Good' grade.
  27. 27.
    Which among the following is lower in buffalo milk as compared to cow milk
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Rennet clotting time
    Rennet clotting time is generally lower in buffalo milk due to higher levels of calcium and phosphorus.
  28. 28.
    Which among the following khoa based sweet is prepared by mixing khoa with maida in about 3:1 ratio
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Gulabjamun
    Gulabjamun is prepared by mixing khoa and maida in approximately a 3:1 ratio along with other ingredients.
  29. 29.
    Which among the following has the highest sweetening power
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Fructose
    Fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar, significantly higher than sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
  30. 30.
    The area of the tongue with more sensitivity for sweetness is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Tip of the tongue
    The tip of the tongue is primarily sensitive to sweet tastes.
  31. 31.
    Which of the following is a cultivar of guinea grass
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Hamil
    Hamil is a well-known cultivar/variety of guinea grass.
  32. 32.
    The multipurpose fodder tree species commonly used for live fencing in Kerala
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Gliricidia
    Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) is widely used as a live fence and green manure/fodder tree in Kerala.
  33. 33.
    Which of the following is a annual grass
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Deenanath grass
    Deenanath grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum) is an annual forage grass.
  34. 34.
    Vijay composite is a cultivar of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Fodder Maize
    Vijay composite is a popular cultivar of fodder maize.
  35. 35.
    Which of the following fodder can be cultivated in poorly drained land
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Para grass
    Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) thrives well in wet, waterlogged, and poorly drained soils.
  36. 36.
    Which of the following fodder crop is best suited for silage making
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Fodder maize
    Fodder maize has high soluble carbohydrate content, making it the best suited crop for silage making.
  37. 37.
    The process of conversion of plant and animal residues to quickly utilizable form to improve and maintain soil fertility
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Composting
    Composting is the biological decomposition of organic residues into a nutrient-rich humus.
  38. 38.
    An important tropical pulse crop profitably grown as a summer crop in rice fallows in Kerala in rotation sequence
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Cow pea
    Cowpea is successfully grown as a pulse and fodder crop in rice fallows during summer.
  39. 39.
    In hay making, the moisture content of the forage crop is reduced to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    15-20%
    For hay making, the moisture content of the green forage is typically reduced to 15-20% to prevent spoilage during storage.
  40. 40.
    The fertilizer or manure that has to be applied as top dressing after each harvest in cultivation of guinea grass
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Nitrogen fertilizer
    Nitrogen fertilizer is applied as top dressing after every harvest to boost rapid regrowth in guinea grass.
  41. 41.
    The seed rate per hectare required for establishment of maize by dibbling
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    40-60 Kg
    The recommended seed rate for fodder maize per hectare is typically around 40-60 kg.
  42. 42.
    The type of cleaning agent most suitable for rubber parts in dairy equipments
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Strong alkalies
    Strong alkalies (or specialized alkaline detergents) are used for cleaning milk fat and protein residues on rubber parts, though care is taken to avoid degradation.
  43. 43.
    Egg solids can be added as an ingredient in ice-cream manufacture to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Improve whipping ability
    Egg yolk solids contain lecithin and proteins that improve the whipping ability and overrun of ice cream.
  44. 44.
    Which of the following help in predicting the shelf life of ghee
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Induction period for oxygen absorption
    The induction period for oxygen absorption measures oxidative stability, predicting the shelf life of ghee.
  45. 45.
    Which is a synergist that significantly increase the activity of primary anti-oxidants
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Ascorbic acid
    Ascorbic acid acts as a synergist by regenerating primary antioxidants and scavenging oxygen.
  46. 46.
    Bluish grey or brownish milk can be due to proliferation of which bacteria in milk
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Pseudomonas syncyanea
    Pseudomonas syncyanea produces a blue discoloration (bluish milk) in the presence of Streptococcus lactis.
  47. 47.
    Bitter flavour in milk can be due to proliferation of
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Micrococcus species
    Certain species of Micrococcus and psychrotrophic bacteria produce heat-stable peptidases leading to a bitter flavor in milk.
  48. 48.
    Paneer manufactured using citric acid as coagulant give
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Maximum hardness
    Using citric acid as a coagulant tends to produce paneer with maximum hardness compared to organic acids like lactic acid.
  49. 49.
    The anti-fungal agent that can be used to control surface spoilage of paneer
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Chlorinated water
    Dipping paneer in chlorinated water helps control surface microbial contamination and mold growth.
  50. 50.
    The type of milk more suitable to produce channa which offers good rossogolla
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Mixture of 75% buffalo milk and 25% cows milk
    A blend of buffalo milk and cow's milk (typically around 3:1 ratio) yields channa with optimal body and texture for making good rasgullas.
  51. 51.
    Which is not a rapid platform test performed for raw milk
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Standard plate count
    Standard plate count requires incubation for 24-48 hours and is not a rapid platform test.
  52. 52.
    Flat or insipid flavour in butter is due to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Excess washing of butter granules
    Excess washing of butter granules removes water-soluble flavor compounds (diacetyl), resulting in a flat or insipid flavor.
  53. 53.
    Hydrolytic rancidity in butter is due to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Action of lipase on fat to produce free fatty acids
    Hydrolytic rancidity is caused by the enzymatic action of lipase on milk fat, releasing free fatty acids.
  54. 54.
    The prescribed microbiological standard for ice-cream as per Bureau of Indian Standards
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Coliform count per gram not more than 90
    According to BIS standards, the coliform count in ice cream should not exceed 90 per gram.
  55. 55.
    The optimal temperature for growth of lactic starters like Streptococcus lactis is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    27-32°C
    Mesophilic lactic acid starters like Streptococcus lactis grow optimally at temperatures between 27°C and 32°C.
  56. 56.
    The purity of starter culture can be tested using
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Catalase test
    The catalase test is used to detect contaminating dairy microorganisms (as most lactic acid bacteria are catalase-negative while contaminants are positive).
  57. 57.
    The type of yoghurt produced after fermentation in bulk and coagulam is broken prior to cooling
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Stirred yoghurt
    Stirred yogurt is fermented in tanks, and the coagulum is broken by agitation before cooling and packaging.
  58. 58.
    The freezing point of cow milk is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    0.555∘C0.555^{\circ}C
    The normal freezing point of cow's milk is approximately −0.550∘C-0.550^{\circ}\text{C} to −0.555∘C-0.555^{\circ}\text{C}.
  59. 59.
    The bound water in milk is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    50% held by casein and 30% by albumin and globulin
    Bound water in milk is primarily held by proteins, with approximately 50% held by casein and 30% by whey proteins (albumin and globulin).
  60. 60.
    Sandy texture defect in ice-cream is data-related to
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    All the above
    Sandiness in ice cream is caused by lactose crystallization, which is aggravated by high lactose concentrations, temperature fluctuations, and prolonged storage.
  61. 61.
    Which vitamin is essential for the health and normal functioning of epithelial tissue in animal body
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Vitamin A
    Vitamin A is crucial for maintaining the integrity and normal functioning of epithelial tissues.
  62. 62.
    Which of the following major element is needed for blood clotting and tissue excitability
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Calcium
    Calcium plays a vital role in blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and nerve impulse transmission.
  63. 63.
    An intimate mixture of concentrates and roughages fed to cattle in the desired proportion is called
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Complete feeding
    A complete feed (Total Mixed Ration - TMR) is an intimate mixture of forage and concentrates blended to meet specific nutrient requirements.
  64. 64.
    Which of the following is essential for proper rumen fermentation leading to acetic acid production
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Crude fibre
    Crude fiber (structural carbohydrates) promotes cellulolytic bacterial activity in the rumen, leading to the production of acetic acid.
  65. 65.
    The cationic detergent used as an effective dairy sanitizer is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Quaternary ammonium compounds
    Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are cationic surface-active agents widely used as dairy sanitizers.
  66. 66.
    Which of the following is a water soluble vitamin
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Vitamin C
    Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and B-complex vitamins are water-soluble.
  67. 67.
    Foot and Mouth disease is a
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Viral disease
    Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals.
  68. 68.
    A feed which contains higher level of primary nutrients, and less crude fibre and low moisture is called
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Concentrate
    Concentrates are high in energy and nutrients, low in crude fiber, and have low moisture content.
  69. 69.
    Which of the following is not a symptom of heat in dairy cows
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Bloody discharge from vulva
    A bloody discharge (metoestral bleeding) typically occurs 1-3 days *after* heat, not during estrus.
  70. 70.
    The udder of a good dairy cow should be
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Wide and deep, and extend well up behind
    A capacious udder that is wide, deep, and well-attached extending high up behind indicates high milk-producing capacity.
  71. 71.
    The buffalo breed indigenous to Nilgiri hills in Tamilnadu
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    Toda
    The Toda buffalo breed is native to the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu.
  72. 72.
    The fat content of milk in general increase in
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    All the above
    Milk fat percentage increases in final strippings, in indigenous breeds compared to high-yielding exotics, and with higher roughage rations.
  73. 73.
    Which method is not recommended in hand milking
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Knuckling
    Knuckling can injure the teats and is not recommended as a proper hand milking method.
  74. 74.
    The metal portion of the milking machine that houses the rubber liner inside with space between to alternate the pressure by connecting to air hose
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Teat cup shell
    The teat cup shell is the rigid outer metal or plastic casing holding the teat cup liner.
  75. 75.
    The Indian breed of cattle with long pendulous ears resembling a curled leaf is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Gir
    Gir cattle are famous for their long, pendulous, folded ears that look like a curled leaf.
  76. 76.
    Which is not true with regard to colostrum
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    It contain more fat than whole milk
    Colostrum actually contains lower fat compared to normal whole milk, though it is rich in proteins, immunoglobulins, and has a laxative effect.
  77. 77.
    Which of the following exotic cattle breed was not used in the cross-breeding programme in Kerala
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Ayrshire
    Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Holstein Friesian were extensively used in Kerala's crossbreeding programs, whereas Ayrshire was not prominently used.
  78. 78.
    The act of stopping the lactation of a cow in preparation for her next lactation is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Drying off
    Drying off refers to the cessation of milking prior to parturition to give the mammary gland a dry period.
  79. 79.
    Which is the buffalo breed from Uttar pradesh
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Bhadawari
    Bhadawari is a recognized buffalo breed native to Uttar Pradesh (Agra and Etawah districts).
  80. 80.
    The normal respiration rate per minute in dairy cow is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    25-30
    The normal respiration rate for an adult dairy cow at rest is approximately 25-30 breaths per minute.
  81. 81.
    When the steam contains moisture in suspension, it is called
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Wet steam
    Steam containing unevaporated water droplets in suspension is termed wet steam.
  82. 82.
    Which of the following is false with regard to a refrigerant
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Liquid and vapour refrigerant should have high viscosity
    Refrigerants should have low viscosity to minimize pressure drop and friction losses, making high viscosity false.
  83. 83.
    A large increase in deposit formation during milk processing can be expected
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    If pH value is lowered from 6.8 to 6.4
    Lowering the pH of milk decreases the thermal stability of proteins and increases fouling/deposit formation on heat exchanger surfaces.
  84. 84.
    The type of corrosion that occurs when two different metals are in contact in the presence of a conductive solution
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Galvanic corrosion
    Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are coupled in an electrolyte.
  85. 85.
    Which of the following packaging material can be used in a wide temperature range of −50∘C-50^{\circ}\text{C} to +150∘C+150^{\circ}\text{C} and has impermeability to odours
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Polyester
    Polyester (PET) films exhibit excellent thermal stability across a broad temperature range and good barrier properties.
  86. 86.
    The type of evaporation in which the process cost is reduced by reducing the steam consumption
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Multiple effect evaporator
    Multiple-effect evaporators reuse the vapor boiled off from one effect as the heating medium for the next, reducing overall steam consumption.
  87. 87.
    Which of the following is not true in the case of drum drying
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    The flavour of the product is not affected by drum drying
    High heat exposure on drums often causes cooked or scorched flavor notes, making statement B false.
  88. 88.
    The storage temperature needed for Cheddar cheese is
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    1∘C1^{\circ}\text{C}
    Cheddar cheese is typically stored and cured at cool temperatures around 1∘C1^{\circ}\text{C} to 4∘C4^{\circ}\text{C} (often specified around 1∘C1^{\circ}\text{C} for prolonged storage).
  89. 89.
    The minimum level of illumination required in the laboratory of a dairy plant
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    41 W/m241\text{ W/m}^2
    Dairy plant laboratories require high illumination levels, generally specified around 41 W/m241\text{ W/m}^2 (or equivalent lux standards).
  90. 90.
    The insulating material known as super insulation in air conditioning industry which can be used for a temperature range of −200∘C-200^{\circ}\text{C} to +120∘C+120^{\circ}\text{C}
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    Urethane
    Polyurethane foam (Urethane) provides high thermal insulation performance across wide cryogenic to moderate temperature ranges.
  91. 91.
    The average air change in meters per change required for good ventilation in dairy processing rooms
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: B —
    2-5
    Adequate ventilation in dairy processing rooms is typically designed around 2-5 air changes per hour.
  92. 92.
    Which is not true with regard to Casein
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    α and β casein are soluble at isoelectric point
    Alpha and beta caseins have minimum solubility at their isoelectric point (~pH 4.6), so stating they are soluble there is false.
  93. 93.
    Which is not true in case of hydrolyzed lactose
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Hydrolysis of lactose decreases its sweetening power by almost two times
    Hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose actually *increases* its sweetening power, making statement C false.
  94. 94.
    Which of the following method is not used in determining the lactose content
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Rose-Gottlieh method
    The Rose-Gottlieb method is a standard gravimetric method used for estimating fat content in milk, not lactose.
  95. 95.
    The Central Institute for research on cattle is located in
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    Meerut
    The Central Institute for Research on Cattle (CIRC) is located in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.
  96. 96.
    Indian Grassland and Fodder research institute is located in
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Jhansi
    IGFRI is located in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh.
  97. 97.
    The audio autobiography of Dr. Varghese Kurien
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: A —
    The man who made the Elephant dance
    'The Man Who Made the Elephant Dance' is the autobiography of Dr. Varghese Kurien.
  98. 98.
    The defeciency of which of the trace mineral can lead to anaemia
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    All the above
    Deficiencies of iron, copper, and cobalt can all result in various forms of anemia in animals.
  99. 99.
    Which of the following hormone provide the stimulus which lead to parturition
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: C —
    Cortisol
    Fetal cortisol triggers the cascade of hormonal changes leading to parturition.
  100. 100.
    The floor space required for a cow in the covered area of a loose house
    Show answer and explanation
    Answer: D —
    3.5 m23.5\text{ m}^2
    In a loose housing system, the recommended covered floor space per cow is typically about 3.5 m23.5\text{ m}^2 (with additional open space).

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